Electromagnetic control



Dec. 13, 1927.

Fig.

L. SAIVES ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL Filed May 4, 1923 Fig. 4

2 Sheets-Sheet l ilk INVENTOR ATT-ORNEY Dec. 13, 1927.

" L. SAIVES ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL Filed May 4, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2i=1 IIIIIIII III mvENToR' ATTORN EY Patented Dec. 13, 1927.

UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE.

LEON SAIVES, or IBILLANCO'URT, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR T0 LOUIS RENAULT, orBILLAN- 00cm, FRANCE.

ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL.

Application filed May 4, 1923, Serial No.

The present invention relates to an electromagnetic arrangement, moreparticularly designed for controlling the injection of fuel intointernal combustion motors. Its main object relates to the constructionofthe electromagnet the act ion of which must be instantaneous andwithout any delay in its opera tion. Its second object relates to thegeneral mechanical arrangement and more particularly to the applicationthereof to the injection of the combustible into internal combustionengines and explosion motors. These mechanical arrangements Will,besides, be always retained in the case where an electromagneticarrangement having the same qualities as that hereinafter described wasap plied to them.

In the accompanying drawings,

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an electromagnetic control;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of an electromagnetic control including aconductive circuit;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view showing the direction of lines of force inthe construction shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view showing the circuits and the currentcontrol, with the movable parts of the electromagnet omitted Fig. 5 is-asimilar view showing a selfinductive winding interposed in the circuit;

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view showing the replacement of return springsby an electric control;

Fig. 7 is a side-elevation,- partly in section and partly diagrammatic,showing an application ofthe present invention to a motor of the opennozzle type;

Fig. 8 is a similar view showing the application of the magnetic controlto a motor fed by an injector pump to a closed nozzle;

Fig. 9 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a modification of Fig.8, in which the adjustable injection needle is replaced by an ordinaryinjector having a constant admission pressure; and

Fig. 10 is a side elevation. partly in section and partly diagrammaf ofthe magnetic control applied to the' Uiesel type of motor.

Referring to Figures 1 to 6, the electromagnet in accordance with thepresent invention is indicated in Figure 1. The magnetic part 1 oflaminated iron is provided with three arms and the electromagnet isenergized 636,771, and in France January 17, 1923.

by a round or rectangular bobbin 2 and attracts while compressing thesprings 3, the movable armature 4 to which the control rod 5 isconnected. Each time that the bobbin 2 is energized the rod is attractedand as soon as the current ceases it returns under the action of thesprings 3.

It is necessary that each rod 5 be controlled during definite and exactperiods of time. The length of the stroke of each rod must be completedand the frequencies of opening and closing can be very high.

It is evident that in proportion as the speed of the motor increases inthe case of the application to a motor the action of each bobbin willbecome more and more defective in consequence of the influence of theselfinduction of the winding and the counterelectromotive force created.It is necessary in these conditions to diminish the time constant with aview of obtaining a result as instantaneous as possible and for thispurpose a resistance is placed in series with the obbin. This resistancemay be approximately of five to six times the value of the resistance ofthe bobbin, from whence there results a moderate and inferior output andprohibitive over all dimensions.

The arrangement hereinafter described permits of obtaining the action ofthe electromagnet without any delay. It consists in considerablyreducing the variations of the flux in the circuit of the electromagnetwhether the movable part be attracted or not.

Figure 2 shows diagrammatically at 6 a laminated or unlaminated ironarmature which is energized by a winding 7 which is disposed in parallelwith the terminals of the electric source. As soon as the electromagnetis energized the art 8, rigid with the rod 5 to be controlle isattracted. and/the springs 9 are compressed.

The lines of force follow the direction indicated by the arrow 10.Between the two ends of the electromagnet is a conductive circuit formedby one or more than one spiral having abutting ends 11, 12.

The self-induction of this conductor is negligible. It follows that inorder to detach the movable part (see Figure. 3) it is sufficient, thecurrent flowing continuously in the winding 7, to send into theconductor 11, 12 a current which may be made to cause,

in the intermediate iron piece and the poles of the electromagnet, aflux 13 in the reverse direction to the flux 10.

It is obvious that the absence of self-induction in the circuit 11, 12allows of the current being instantaneously established and consequentlyinstantaneous release of the part 8 under the actions of the springs 9.

The ampere turns of the winding 7, remaining constant, as soon as thecurrent ceases to flow in the circuit 11, 12 the part 8 will be againinstantaneously attracted and the attraction will again cease as soon asthe current in the circuit 11, 12 is re-established.

Figure 4, in which the movable parts of the electromagnets have not beenindicated so as to facilitate reading of the diagram, shews aconstructional example of the controls for the two cylinder engine. Tothe terminals of the source 14 the two windings 7 are connected inparallel. The two coils 11, 12 will be alternately excited through thecontacts 15, 16 provided with counter-springs 18, 19.

Under the action of a cam 20 rotatable about an aXis 21, these contacts15, 16 can be alternately closed and it evident that according to thecontour of the cam the establishment and the duration of the current inthe circuit 11, 12 can be regulated with any desired degree ofexactness, thus resulting in an almost perfect action of the partscontrolled by the electromagnets.

If this figure be compared with Figure 7 in which the rod 5 attracted bythe electromagnet controls the introduction of the combustible into thecombustion chamber, it will confirm that the advance or delay in theintroduction of the combustible could be obtained by the displacement ofthe cam 20 on its axis 21 which controls the contacts 15, 16.

It is evident that the action will be as eflicient at high speeds as atlow speeds because the current remains constant in the windings 7 whichhave a strong self-inductive action, that the flux varies very little inthe circuit 6 and that the circuit 11, 12 has quite a negligibleself-inductance. If it be desired that. one of these controls, insteadof having an instantaneous action may have a retarded or delayed action,it will be suflicient to interpose in the circuit of the windings 11, 12corresponding to this control a self-inductive winding 22 (Figure 5)which may be variable if so desired.

This arrangement could be used, if one contemplates the suppression ofreturn springs, for the movable parts 8 and in particular for thecontrol of pumps for feeding the combustible. If desired the suctionstroke may be prolonged for a relatively long time whilst the in ectionmust be as instantaneous as possible.

It is therefore possible to suppress the springs and to control themovable part entlrely by an electric arrangement (see Figare 6). Thepiece 8 rigid with the piece to be controlled (not shewn in the figure)will be attached by the electromagnets 23, 24 according as the currentfurnished by the source 14 and distributed by the cam 20 to the contacts15, 16 will be caused to flow alternately in the non-inductive windings25, 26.

As remarked above one of the two attractive actions could be renderedslower than the other by interposing self-inductance in the circuit ofone of the two windings 25, 26.

The electric source 14 may be a battery of accumulators supplying thecircuit and electromagnets for use at the moment of starting the motor.This battery may be maintained charged by means of a parallel circuitderived from the main circuit when the motor is installed in a centralelectric station.

If it be a question of a single motor, a fixed or marine installation,the motor may comprise a small dynamo which, While maintaining thebattery, could be used for lighting purposes of the machine room or evenfor the vehicle if the motor is placed on a truck, lorry or a wagon,steam tractor or portable engine.

The electromagnetic control which has just been described can be appliedto all types of eftplosion motors or combustion engines where it is aquestion of controlling the piston which discharges the combustiblepreviously delivered by a volumetric pump into a small reservoir or tankin proximity to the combustion chamber or for the control of avolumetric pump feeding the combustible under pressure toan automaticneedle valve for injection; or again for the control of a pump feedingthe liquid under pressure to an injector of ordinary type.

Itcould be employed for the control of the injection needle valves ofDiesel motors by replacing the mechanical controls actually in use.

Apart from the examples hereinafter described one could always, withoutdeparting from the nature of the invention, employ thiselectron'iagnetic control for the working of any injection arrangementwith or without volumetric pumps for feeding the combustible, or for theworking of a pump for feeding the combustible.

Further, the arrangement could be em ployed for the control of membersnecessitating instantaneous action, the invention not being limited inits application to internal combustion engines.

The particular application of the arrangements hereinbefore referred toare shewn in Figures 7 to 10.

Figure 7 shews the application of this arrangement of magnetic controlas used for the introductionof fuel to a motor of the open nozzle type.

The combustible is delivered by a volumetric pump 27 into a smallchamber 28 near the combustion chamber 29. This pump feeds thecombustible during the period when there is no pressure or only a lowpressure in the cylinder.

The injection is effected by a piston 30 maintained in the raisedposition by the current continually flowing in the electromagnet 6. Thispiston 30 which forms a plunger is in a measure set by the electromagnet6. When the current flows in the circuit 11, 12, the attraction of thepiece 8 ceases instantaneously and the piston 30 will be jerked suddenlyforward under the action of the spring 31.

The combustible lying in the chamber 28 will be pulverized or atomizedunder the shock and will penetrate into the combustion chamber '29through the openings 32.

These openings could be formed by holes provided in the part 33 or, inorder to facilitate working, by grooves or slots in the periphery of apart 34 rigid with the part 33.

These openings could be vertically or obliquely arranged along theperiphery of the part 54 or they may be of helical form in order tofacilitate whirling or spraying of the fuel and the distribution thereofinto the combustion chamber.

The mechanical controls for the introduction of fuel are replaced by themagnetic control forming the subject matter of the present inventionwhich permit of instantaneous action. A cam shaft is again necessary forthe control of the volumetric pumps for feeding the combustible. Theshafts 35 for these cams could carry the distributor for the current tothe windings 11, 12.

Figure 8 shews the application of the magnetic control to a motor fed byan injector pump to a closed nozzle.

The electric arrangement represented diagrammatically in Figure 3 herecontrols the feed pump for the combustible. As previously, it is setelectrically by the suppression of current fiowin in the windings 11,12, delivery and simu taneous injection being effected by the spring 31.

The combustible under pressure is admitted into the chamber 36 which isclosed at its lower part by a needle Valve 37. The needle is maintainedon its seat by a spring 38 adjustable by means of a nut 39 bearing onWashers 40. The adjusting screw 41 limits the stroke of the needle.

The combustible is compressed in the passage and in the chamber 36 bythe piston 42 under the action of the spring 31. This action isinstantaneous at the moment when the current flows in the. circuit 11,12.

. The pressure then increases in the chamber 36 so as to raise theneedle, the pressure on the combustible overcoming the spring 38. Thecombustible passes then into the combustion chamber through the passage43 and the diffuser or spraying nozzle 44.

The adjustment of the spring 38 permits of regulation of the pressure atwhich the fuel is introduced.

adjustable.

It is evident that the position of the electromagnets at the lower partof the combustible-pumps coupled to the cylinders is not limited. Theelectromagnets could be placed at the upper part, the pump having beenturned through an angle of 180 about the axis of the passage. The axisof the pump could then be brought nearer the axis of the injectionneedle.

The current distributor to the circuit 11, 12 may be placed at anysuitable position on the motor in proximity to the current generator.This distributor may be displaceable on its shaft so as to obtainadvance.

Figure 9 shews a constructional modification of Figure 8 in which theadjustable injection needle has been replaced by an ordinary injectorhaving a constant admis sion pressure.

Figure 10 shews the application of our magnetic arrangement applied tothe control of an injection needle in a Diesel type of motor.

The needle 49is constantly maintained on its seat by a spring 31. Thecombustible is fed into the chamber 50 by a volumetric pump 52adjustable in a manner analogous to that of Figure 8, the feed of thesaid pump being regulated in the same manner. This pump may be drivenmechanically or electrica ly.

In the case of an electrically driven pump the suction may be controlledmagnetically and the delivery by the release of a spring or the deliverycould be actuated by a second electromagnet.

The compressed air is admitted at 51 above the combustible lyingtherein.

At this moment the needle bears on its seat and the injection iseffected when the part 8 rigid with the needle is attracted by theelectromagnet 6, that is to say, when the current ceases to flow in thecircuit 11, 12.

The magnetic control which is the object of the present inventionpermits therefore of working of the injection needles and if one sodesires also that of the pumps for the combustible in a motor of theDiesel type.

The magnetic arrangement which is indicated diagrammatically in Figure 3is shewn applied in Figures 7 to 10 in which the second stroke isefiected by a spring which is compressed on the energization of theelectromagnet and freed when the current flows in the circuit 11, 12.

This spring could, in all cases, be replaced by a second electromagnetidentical with the first, the part 8 which is to be controlled beingthen actuated alternatively by the electromagnets (see diagram of Figure6).

In the case of the control of volumetric pumps and also for injection.the attractive action of the electromagnct controlling the suction couldbe retarded by interposing a resistance in the circuit 11, 12 andretaining the arrangement without self-induction, thus givinginstantaneousness for the time of injection.

I claimeeaeae 1. In an internal combustion motor, a fuel supply device,an electromagnet having its energizing coil in a normally closed circuitto maintain said device in inoperative relation, means tending toinstantaneously move said device into operation, a second coilassociated with said magnet to negative the con? trolling eifect of thefirst coil and timed means operated by the engine to close the circuitto said second coil.

2. In an internal combustion motor, a fuel supply device, anelectromagnet having its energizing coil in a normally closed circuit tomaintain. said device in closed relation, means tendingtoinstantaneously move said device into operation, a second coilassociated with said magnet to negative the controlling effect of thefirst coil, timed means operated by the engine to close the circuit tosaid second coil.

In testimony whereof I aifix my signature.

LEON SAIVES.

